Mathematical Functions

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Mathematical Functions in SQL Server

The following scalar math functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value.

* Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value.

All the functions are listed below:

Function	Description
ABS	A mathematical function that returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression

Syntax:

ABS ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
ACOS	A mathematical function that returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the specified float expression; also called arccosine.

Syntax:

ACOS ( float_expression )

Function	Description
ASIN	Returns the angle, in radians, whose sine is the specified float expression. This is also called arcsine.

Syntax:

ASIN ( float_expression )

Function	Description
ATAN	Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is a specified float expression. This is also called arctangent.

Syntax:

ATAN ( float_expression )

Function	Description
ATN2	Returns the angle, in radians, between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x), where x and y are the values of the two specified float expressions.

Syntax:

ATN2 ( float_expression, float_expression )

Function	Description
CEILING	Returns the smallest integer greater than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression.

Syntax:

CEILING ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
COS	Is a mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cosine of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified expression.

Syntax:

COS ( float_expression )

Function	Description
COT	A mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cotangent of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified float expression.

Syntax:

COT ( float_expression )

Function	Description
DEGREES	Returns the corresponding angle in degrees for an angle specified in radians.

Syntax:

DEGREES ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
EXP	Returns the exponential value of the specified float expression.

Syntax:

EXP ( float_expression )

Function	Description
FLOOR	Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the specified numeric expression.

Syntax:

FLOOR ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
LOG	Returns the natural logarithm of the specified float expression.

Syntax:

LOG ( float_expression )

Function	Description
LOG10	Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified float expression.

Syntax:

LOG10 ( float_expression )

Function	Description
PI	Returns the constant value of PI.

Syntax:

PI ()

Function	Description
POWER	Returns the value of the specified expression to the specified power.

Syntax:

POWER ( float_expression, y )

Function	Description
RADIANS	Returns radians when a numeric expression, in degrees, is entered.

Syntax:

RADIANS ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
RAND	Returns a pseudo-random float value from 0 through 1, exclusive.

Syntax:

RAND ( [ seed ] )

Function	Description
ROUND	Returns a numeric value, rounded to the specified length or precision.

Syntax:

ROUND ( numeric_expression, length [ , function ] )

Function	Description
SIGN	Returns the positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the specified expression.

Syntax:

SIGN ( numeric_expression )

Function	Description
SIN	Returns the trigonometric sine of the specified angle, in radians, and in an approximate numeric, float, expression.

Syntax:

SIN ( float_expression )

Function	Description
SQRT	Returns the square root of the specified float value.

Syntax:

SQRT ( float_expression )

Function	Description
SQUARE	Returns the square of the specified float value.

Syntax:

SQUARE ( float_expression )

Function	Description
TAN	Returns the tangent of the input expression.

Syntax:

TAN ( float_expression )